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61.
伊兹米特地震的几点启示 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
中国地震局赴土耳其地震现场考察专家组 《国际地震动态》2000,(1):24-27
土耳其伊兹米特Ｍｓ７．４地震后,中国地震局于１９９９年８月２５日派出了以张国民教授为团长的由７人组成的赴土耳其地震现场考察专家组。他们到地震现场进行了考察,从该震中得到了几点启示。 相似文献
62.
本文论述了高密度电阻率法在逊克县东安岩金矿床勘探中的应用效果;阐明了该方法在地质勘查中解决高阻脉状金矿体产状及埋深的技术手段. 相似文献
63.
UPPER CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND CONSTRAINING FAULT INTERPRETATION FROM SHUNYI-TANGGU REFRACTION EXPERIMENT DATA 
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下载免费PDF全文 The urban active fault survey is of great significance to improve the development and utilization of urban underground space, the urban resilience, the regional seismic reference modeling, and the natural hazard prevention. The Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region with the densest population is one of the most developed and most important urban groups, located at the northeastern North China plain. There are several fault systems crossing and converging in this region, and most of the faults are buried. The tectonic setting of the faults is complex from shallow to deep. There are frequent historical earthquakes in this area, which results in higher earthquake risk and geological hazards. There are two seismicity active belts in this area. One is the NE directed earthquake belt located at the east part of the profile in northern Ninghai near the Tangshan earthquake region. The other is located in the Beijing plain in the northwest of the profile and near the southern end of Yanshan fold belt, where the 1679 M8.0 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake occurred, the largest historical earthquake of this area. Besides, there are some small earthquake activities related to the Xiadian Fault and the Cangdong Fault at the central part of the profile.
The seismic refraction experiment is an efficient approach for urban active fault survey, especially in large- and medium-size cities. This method was widely applied to the urban hazard assessment of Los Angeles. We applied a regularized tomography method to modeling the upper crustal velocity structure from the high-resolution seismic refraction profile data which is across the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. This seismic refraction profile, with 185km in length, 18 chemical explosive shots and 500m observation space, is the profile with densest seismic acquisition in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region up to now. We used the trial-error method to optimize the starting velocity model for the first-arrival traveltime inversion. The multiple scale checker board tests were applied to the tomographic result assessment, which is a non-linear method to quantitatively estimate the inversion results. The resolution of the tomographic model is 2km to 4km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.5 and is 4km to 7km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.7. The tomographic model reveals a very thick sediment cover on the crystalline basement beneath the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. The P wave velocity of near surface is 1.6km/s. The thickest sediment cover area locates in the Huanghua sag and the Wuqing sag with a thickness of 8km, and the thinnest area is located at the Beijing sag with a thickness of 2km. The thickness of the sediment cover is 4km and 5km in the Cangxian uplift and the Dacang sag, respectively. The depth of crystalline basement and the tectonic features of the geological subunits are related to the extension and rift movement since the Cenozoic, which is the dynamics of formation of the giant basins.
It is difficult to identify a buried fault system, for a tomographic regularization process includes velocity smoothing, and limited by the seismic reflection imaging method, it is more difficult to image the steep fault. Velocity and seismic phase variations usually provide important references that describe the geometry of the faults where there are velocity differences between the two sides of fault. In this paper, we analyzed the structural features of the faults with big velocity difference between the two sides of the fault system using the velocity difference revealed by tomography and the lateral seismic variations in seismograms, and constrained the geometry of the major faults in the study region from near surface to upper crust. Both the Baodi Fault and the Xiadian Fault are very steep with clear velocity difference between their two sides. The seismic refraction phases and the tomographic model indicate that they both cut the crystalline basement and extend to 12km deep. The Baodi Fault is the boundary between the Dachang sag and the Wuqing sag. The Xiadian Fault is a listric fault and a boundary between the Tongxian uplift and the Dachang sag. The tomographic model and the earthquake locations show that the near-vertical Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault, with a certain amount of velocity difference between its two sides, cuts the crystalline basement, and the seismicity on the fault is frequent since Cenozoic. The Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault can be identified deep to 20km according to the seismicity hypocenters.
The dense acquisition seismic refraction is a good approach to construct velocity model of the upper crust and helpful to identify the buried faults where there are velocity differences between their two sides. Our results show that the seismic refraction survey is a useful implement which provides comprehensive references for imaging the fault geometry in urban active fault survey. 相似文献
The seismic refraction experiment is an efficient approach for urban active fault survey, especially in large- and medium-size cities. This method was widely applied to the urban hazard assessment of Los Angeles. We applied a regularized tomography method to modeling the upper crustal velocity structure from the high-resolution seismic refraction profile data which is across the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. This seismic refraction profile, with 185km in length, 18 chemical explosive shots and 500m observation space, is the profile with densest seismic acquisition in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region up to now. We used the trial-error method to optimize the starting velocity model for the first-arrival traveltime inversion. The multiple scale checker board tests were applied to the tomographic result assessment, which is a non-linear method to quantitatively estimate the inversion results. The resolution of the tomographic model is 2km to 4km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.5 and is 4km to 7km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.7. The tomographic model reveals a very thick sediment cover on the crystalline basement beneath the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. The P wave velocity of near surface is 1.6km/s. The thickest sediment cover area locates in the Huanghua sag and the Wuqing sag with a thickness of 8km, and the thinnest area is located at the Beijing sag with a thickness of 2km. The thickness of the sediment cover is 4km and 5km in the Cangxian uplift and the Dacang sag, respectively. The depth of crystalline basement and the tectonic features of the geological subunits are related to the extension and rift movement since the Cenozoic, which is the dynamics of formation of the giant basins.
It is difficult to identify a buried fault system, for a tomographic regularization process includes velocity smoothing, and limited by the seismic reflection imaging method, it is more difficult to image the steep fault. Velocity and seismic phase variations usually provide important references that describe the geometry of the faults where there are velocity differences between the two sides of fault. In this paper, we analyzed the structural features of the faults with big velocity difference between the two sides of the fault system using the velocity difference revealed by tomography and the lateral seismic variations in seismograms, and constrained the geometry of the major faults in the study region from near surface to upper crust. Both the Baodi Fault and the Xiadian Fault are very steep with clear velocity difference between their two sides. The seismic refraction phases and the tomographic model indicate that they both cut the crystalline basement and extend to 12km deep. The Baodi Fault is the boundary between the Dachang sag and the Wuqing sag. The Xiadian Fault is a listric fault and a boundary between the Tongxian uplift and the Dachang sag. The tomographic model and the earthquake locations show that the near-vertical Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault, with a certain amount of velocity difference between its two sides, cuts the crystalline basement, and the seismicity on the fault is frequent since Cenozoic. The Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault can be identified deep to 20km according to the seismicity hypocenters.
The dense acquisition seismic refraction is a good approach to construct velocity model of the upper crust and helpful to identify the buried faults where there are velocity differences between their two sides. Our results show that the seismic refraction survey is a useful implement which provides comprehensive references for imaging the fault geometry in urban active fault survey. 相似文献
64.
济阳坳陷构造演化对断块型潜山的形成及油气成藏的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
渤海湾叠合盆地各构造作用之间普遍存在的沉积间断为潜山的大规模发育创造了有利的条件,位于渤海湾东南部的济阳坳陷发育了大量的断块型潜山。断块型潜山的形成与济阳坳陷的构造演化密切相关．古生代的构造演化为潜山的形成奠定了基础,印支期的构造运动是潜山形成的重要条件,燕山期的断块作用使断块型潜山初具雏形,新生代是断块型潜山形成的重要时期。按照断块型潜山发育的构造位置不同可分为断阶断块型、断脊断块型和残丘断块型3种类型。济阳坳陷的构造演化特征决定了潜山油气的类型、储集条件及油气田形成的规模。 相似文献
65.
Centrifuge modeling of PGD response of buried pipe 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
MichaelO＇Rourke VikramGadicherla TarekAbdoun 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2005,4(1):69-73
A new centrifuge based method for determining the response of continuous buried pipe to PGD is presented. The physical characteristics of the RPI‘s 100 g-ton geotechnical centrifuge and the current lifeline experiment split-box are described: The split-box contains the model pipeline and surrounding soil and is manufactured such that half can be offset, in flight, simulating PGD. In addition, governing similitude relations which allow one to determine the physical characteristics, (diameter, wall thickness and material modulus of elasticity) of the model pipeline are presented. Finally, recorded strains induced in two buried pipes with prototype diameters of 0.63 m and 0.95 m (24 and 36 inch) subject to 0.6 and 2.0 meters (2 and 6 feet) of full scale fault offsets and presented and compared to corresponding FE results. 相似文献
66.
用欧拉方程估算埋深和形状因数 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
秦葆瑚 《物探化探计算技术》1998,20(4):351-356
本文论述了用欧拉方程估算埋深和形状因数的方法原理,并用模型计算加以验证,最后用湖南某地含原生金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩筒上的ΔＴ异常证实这种估算方法是值得推广的。 相似文献
67.
成岩动力学分析与深部储层孔隙预测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
国内外深部优质储层的不断发现大大拓宽了油气勘探的新领域,但孔隙流体自然排放的压实理论和有机无机反应的次生孔隙窗机理对深部高孔渗储层并不能作出圆满解释。深部储层孔隙保存状况除与储层物质组成及其内部结构有关外,与各成岩动力学过程间的耦合关系更为密切。压实作用、胶结作用、粘土矿物转化、有机质热演化、溶蚀作用、异常流体压力的积累与释放等动力学过程在时间和空间上的不同组合决定了深部储层孔隙的发育程度及其保存状况。 相似文献
68.
广西十万大山盆地下二叠统生物礁古油藏及隐伏礁预测 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
广西宁明县亭亮下二叠统茅口组生物礁古油藏,为十万大山盆地已暴露破坏的礁古油藏之一。该古油藏的含沥青储层主要分布于礁体的上部和顶部,含沥青礁灰岩厚达９８ｍ以上,礁储层次生溶孔的形成与分布主要受控于深埋有机溶剂作用,同时在空间上还与礁顶部古风化壳和不整合面密切相关,论文深入探讨了礁古油藏形成的主要成岩作用类型及其埋藏一构造发展史,有机质演化史及成岩孔隙演化史三者的配置关系和成藏机理,另据地震和电法资料 相似文献
69.
中国东北全新世干湿状况的演变 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过综合分析植物花粉,沙土埋藏土壤,泥炭形成与发展,沙丘活动历史,黄土状土堆积和黑土发育等多种资料表明,我国东北地区的湿润程度或土壤水分含量在５ｋａ ＢＰ以前的早中全新世较低,中晚全新世不能增加,早中全新世最干燥时段出现的＾１４Ｃ年代９－８ｋａ ＢＰ,中晚全新世湿润时期可能是最近的２ｋａ,近现代气候比过去１０ｋａ平均状况湿润。 相似文献
70.
河南西峡盆地恐龙蛋化石及埋藏特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
产于西峡盆地的恐龙蛋化石计有７ 科、８ 属、１０ 种以上, 主要分布于晚白垩世的高沟组和马家村组。其埋藏特征为： 含蛋层数多, 自下而上约２０ 层; 恐龙蛋大都为原地埋藏,成窝性好, 化石完整; 恐龙蛋集中区分布在冲积扇下、中部及洪泛平原内; 不同类型的恐龙蛋可在同一层面或上、下层中产出; 恐龙蛋在窝中的不同排列形式反映了恐龙产蛋的多样化;原地埋藏的恐龙蛋化石多产于一个正粒序层中、上部的细碎物中 相似文献